Background: Core stability is predominantly provided by the dynamic function of musculature. Although poor Core stability ultimately leads to injury, a proper training can reduce injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Core stability training on the Endurance and strength of Core muscles among basketball players with trunk dysfunction. Methods: The present research was a semi-experimental study. 28 basketball players with trunk dysfunction were voluntarily participated in this study, who were then divided into two groups randomly as experimental (n=14) and control (n=14) groups. At the onset of the study, Core strength and Endurance were measured using some field-based tests. Dynamometer was utilized for strength and the Sorensen, trunk flexion, right and left bridge, and Prone Bridge were used for Endurance measurements as pre-test. Experimental group performed the exercise training in terms of the protocol, three days per week, for a 6week period. By the end of the sixth week, the subjects performed the same Core tests as post-test. Results: Some significant differences were observed in Sorensen (P=0. 003), trunk flexion (P=0. 001), prone bridge (P=0. 001), right bridge (P=0. 001), left bridge (P=0. 001), total sCore of Endurance (P=0. 001), hip abduction strength (P=0. 001), hip external rotation strength (P=0. 001), trunk extension strength (P=0. 001), and trunk flexion strength (P=0. 001) between these two groups. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that six weeks of Core stability training improved Core muscle strength and Endurance, which are known as two components that being weak in people with trunk dysfunction. Overall, strength and conditioning coaches and basketball players with trunk dysfunction can incorporate the present study’ s Core training as a viable strategy to induce a significant improvement in the Core suggesting a better trunk function.

Purpose: A theory states that strong Core stability allows athletes to fully transfer forces from the upper extremities to lower extremities, and finally to the ground. On the contrary, weak Core stability causes alterations in transferring forces, reduces sport performance, and increases risk for injury, especially in the lower extremities. Therefore, the current study investigated the relationship between Core Endurance and performance in professional female badminton athletes. Methods: To examine the aforementioned relationship, badminton athletes invited to the 2017 Youth National Team camp (n=16, Mean± SD age=14. 9± 1. 2 y, height=163. 0± 4. 5 cm, weight=57. 8± 4. 3 kg) completed Core Endurance and performance tests. Badminton athletes performed 5 performance tests (Y balance, vertical jump, 20 m sprint, 4×9 agility, and single-leg triple crossover hop tests), and 4 Core Endurance tests (trunk flexor, trunk extensor, and bilateral side bridge tests). Results: Data analysis indicated significant correlations between Core Endurance and balance (r=0. 52, P=0. 04), as well as between Core Endurance and triple crossover hop test (r=0. 63, P=0. 01); however, relations between Core Endurance and other performance tests (vertical jump, 20 m sprint, agility) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Considering the significant correlations between Core Endurance and balance and triple crossover hop test, it is suggested that personal trainers, coaches, and badminton athletes use the Core s tability exercises to improve balance and single-leg cutting maneuver. As a result, the chance of non-contact lower extremity injuries caused by the loss of balance or those occurring during cutting movement will be reduced.

Objectives: We assessed the effect of change in Core isometric strength and Endurance on upper limb isometric strength in female athletes. Methods: In this experimental study, 32 female athletes aged 18-25 years were recruited based on the inclusion criteria. (17 cases in the experimental group and 15 cases in the control group). Before and after the Core stabilization knockdown protocol, participants were assessed for isometric Core strength (abdomen/back rehab 5310; rehab line), Core Endurance (curl-up test), and upper limb isometric strength (push up/pull down rehab 5120; rehab line).  Results: The results showed a significant reduction in abdomen, back, push-up, pull-down isometric strength, and curl-up test sCores in the experimental group and no significant differences in these parameters in the control group after the protocol. The experimental and control groups showed significant differences in the aforementioned parameters after the protocol. Discussion: This research suggests that performing extensive and exclusive Core exercises to relieve fatigue prior to upper limb training can decrease the potential for Core activation. This can ultimately lead to reduced effectiveness of upper extremity exercises or rehabilitation sessions, which can lead to upper body injuries. These exercises can be useful to enhance the knowledge regarding the sequencing of Core and upper limb exercises in an athlete’s training protocols.

Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse is a condition, in which organs in the pelvis slip down and protrude into the vagina, causing many serious problems. Strengthening and stabilizing the Core muscles is paramount for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the effects of eight weeks of Core stability exercise on Endurance and strength of Core muscles in women with rectal prolapse. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental pre-test post-test study, 24 women with rectal prolapse in Isfahan with a mean age of 45.2 years and a body mass index of 26.2 kg/m2 were selected and participated with informed consent. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups (n= 12): Core stability exercises and control. The exercise protocol was implemented incrementally for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each session lasting 30 min. Study variables were measured before and after the exercise program. In order to analyze the data, multivariate covariance test was used using SPSS software (version 26) at a significant level (P≤0.05). Results: The results of the study demonstrated a significant increase in the Endurance of the flexor and extensor muscles of the central body region in the Core stability exercises group (P≤0.05). Also, a significant increase in the strength of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles was observed in the Core stability exercises group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: These results show the effect of Core stability exercises on increasing the Endurance and strength of the muscles of the Core body, which, as a result, may have positive effects on rectal prolapse. Therefore, it is suggested that sports therapy centers, doctors, and therapists use this exercise method to improve the condition of patients suffering from rectal prolapse.

Purpose: Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most common sport related injuries. It is estimated that most of the individuals who suffer from LAS develop chronic ankle instability(CAI), therefore detection of contributing factors to this injury is essential. The aim of present study was to evaluate the Endurance of Core muscles in patients with chronic ankle instability in female athletes. Methods: Fifteen athletes with CAI (Mean± S. D: age=25± 3. 5years, height=167. 6± 8. 5cm, weight=64/8± 6/1kg) and fifteen healthy female athletes (Mean± S. D: age 26± 4. 2 years, height=168. 9± 4. 7 cm, weight=62. 1± 7. 3kg) were selected with non-probability sampling. We used the method of McGill to assess Endurance of Core muscles that include trunk flexors, trunk extensors and bilateral side flexors. Data were analyzed using MANOVA test and independent sample t-test (p≤ 0. 05). Results: Athletes with CAI showed significant difference in the time of Endurance tests in relation to healthy athletes (f=13. 18, p= 0. 00). The most related muscle Endurance to CAI were back extensors (PES=0. 62) and after that, trunk flexors (PES=0. 51), right side flexors (PES=0. 38) and left side flexors (PES=0. 31), respectively. There were no significant differences in the ratios of flexor / extensor and right side flexors / left side flexors tests. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, the Endurance of Core muscles was lower in patients with CAI, so it would be suggested that trainers, physicians and athletes consider Core Endurance assessment in prevention and rehabilitation to avoid athletes from ankle sprain and instability.

Background and Aims This study aimed at the effects of 8 weeks TRX exercises and Core stability exercises in the stable level on the landing pattern, the stability of the Core area, and the balance of girls football players. Methods Thirty athletes with trunk defects were screened by Tuck Jump test and selected as a statistical sample. Finally, assigned to two groups of 15 subjects at a stable level and varying level training. Both groups participated in pretest and post-test. Both groups training sessions for 8 weeks and three weeks each week on Core stability training at both sustained (stable) and unstable (TRX). This study used the Core stability practice protocol in the training section at a stable and unstable level. The static and dynamic balance were evaluated by BESS and Y tests, respectively. McGill’, s Endurance tests also evaluated the Endurance of the Core region. In addition, landing mechanics were assessed using the Landing Error SCore System test. ANCOVA test was used to compare the differences between the research variables by two types of training. The stability of the Core body was used in two groups of training (stable and TRX) and a t-test for correlating the changes within the group. Results The results of the analysis of t-test showed that in the results of the stable training (P≤, 0. 001) and TRX (P≤, 0. 001) effect on sCore of the error of landing error, LESS, flexion 60 °, , Sorensen, Right Plank, static balance and total dynamic balance sCore. In the post-test, there are significant differences between the two groups in the TRX and stable levels in LESS, Sorensen, static balance in the state stand on two legs on a soft surface and stand in the Tandem on a soft surface (P≤, 0. 05). Conclusion the results of this study showed that the use of Core stability training at a stable and unstable level by helping to improve the landing jump activity, as well as improving muscular balance and Endurance, can be eliminated by modifying some of the risk factors associated with an ACL injury to prevent Lower limb non-limiting injury in athletes with trunk defects.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship of the Core power and Endurance with variables of athletic performance such as T test, medicine ball throw test, vertical jump test and 40 yard dash test in random intermittent dynamic type sports (RIDS). Methods: 58 male collegiate athletes involved in RIDS with mean age of 19. 41  1. 19 years, height of 172  6. 62 cm, weight of 67. 41  8. 80 kg and BMI of 22. 56  2. 00 participated in this correlation study. The subjects were tested for Core power, Core Endurance and performance variables. The Core Endurance was measured by McGill protocol and double leg lowering test (DLL) and the Core power was measured by 60 seconds maximal sit-up test. Results: McGill protocol was positively correlated with medicine ball throw test (r = 0. 688) and vertical jump test (r = 0. 463). A strong negative correlation of McGill was identified with 40 yard dash test (r =-0. 525) and T test (r =-0. 687). At the same time DLL was positively correlated with 40 yard dash test (r = 0. 374) and T test (r = 0. 524). Only medicine ball throw test related significantly with the tests of Core power. Conclusions: McGill test and DLL more significantly correlates with the performance variables such as medicine ball throw test, vertical jump test, 40 yard dash test and T test when compared with the Core power measures of 60 seconds maximal sit-up test. The current study results also show that Core muscle Endurance is necessary for optimal performance and should not be neglected.